It also plays a role in both cellmediated and humoral immune responses. It performs 500 essential tasks, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of digestive chemicals. Inside, the mass of splenic tissue is of two types, the red pulp and the white pulp, which do not separate into regions but intermingle and are distributed throughout the spleen. Spleen birte steiniger, university of marburg, marburg, germany the spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ present in all vertebrates. Pdf download for normal structure, function, and histology of the. The spleen is the largest secondary immune organ in the body and is. The spleen can be defined as the largest gland of the lymphatic system, located to the left of the stomach, which helps your body combat diseases and get rid of debris the following spleen definitions will add to your understanding of the spleen location and function. After birth, the spleens role is related to both lymphoid and cardiovascular functions. This function, in combination with a highly organized lymphoid compartment, makes the spleen the most important organ for antibacterial and antifungal immune reactivity.
The spleen contains two main types of tissue white pulp and red pulp. The spleen combines the innate and adaptive immune system in a uniquely organized way. The structure of the spleen enables it to remove older. With the spleen retracted medially, the phrenicocolic ligament is incised. With this hyperplasia, there has been evidence that the white pulp increases in size, possibly indicating an alteration in immune system function. The spleen is encased in a thick connectivetissue capsule.
The red pulp is a network of splenic cords cords of billroth and sinusoids. Major functions of the spleen include removing abnormal blood cells and making components of the immune system. Hairy cell leukemia splenomegaly, pancytopenia, and neoplastic mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrowadministration of purine analogues, as initialtreatment. Pdf the spleen combines the innate and adaptive immune system in a uniquely organized way. Potential differences in structure and function between mouse and human spleen will also be discussed. The spleen undergoes hyperplasia and fibrosis, which further increases the blood supply to the spleen, exacerbating the condition.
The white pulp is lymphoid tissue that usually surrounds splenic blood vessels. Spleen structure, lecture by doctor, surgery, introduction of spleen, hospital presentation. Sinusoids lined by long, parallel endothelial cells. The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ in the body and, as such, hosts a wide range of immunologic functions alongside its roles in hematopoiesis and red blood cell clearance. Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen steven m. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Structure and function of the spleen semantic scholar. The spleen is an organ in the upper far left part of the abdomen, to the left of the stomach. Like the thymus, the spleen houses and aids in the maturation of immune system cells called lymphocytes. Pdf normal structure, function, and histology of the spleen. Spleen anatomy definition, function and location biology.
Structure, function, and clinical disorders under the title of the spleen in 1990, there has appeared a wealth of new information that now demands incorporation into the diagnosis and management of patients with splenic disorders. The underlying central nervous processes coordinating the spleens function seem to be embedded into the. Located in the upper left region of the abdominal cavity, the spleens primary function is to filter blood of damaged cells, cellular debris, and pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Before birth, the spleen and liver are the major bloodforming organs, but this function is later taken over by red bone marrow. The spleen is a fistsized organ in the upper left side of your abdomen, next to your stomach and behind your left ribs. The spleen is soft, highly vascular and dark purple in colour.
This function, in combination with a highly organized lymphoid compartment. In the adult, the spleen functions mainly as a blood filter, removing old red blood cells. Production of antiboides, removal of abnormal erythrocytes, hematopoiesis. Spleen structure and functions online microbiology notes. This function, in combination with a highly organized lymphoid compartment, makes the spleen the most important organ for. Figure 1 spleen hyperplasia, plasma cell in a female b6c3f1n mouse from a chronic study. Spleen lien is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body and specialised, beenshaped organ for filtering blood. The spleen is delivered to the midline by means of blunt and sharp dissection of the areolar plane between the kidney and the pancreas. The spleen reaches peak development at puberty, in rats, followed by gradual involution losco, 1992. In this article, we will explain its anatomy, what it. The spleen is an organ located in the upper left abdomen, and is roughly the size of a clenched fist.
The spleens primary functions are to filter the blood and help defend the body against pathogens. Because the spleen is protected by the rib cage, you cant easily feel it unless its abnormally enlarged. Functions of spleen in health and disease semantic scholar. Spleen structure and function, splenic blood circulation, immune functions of spleen, splenomegally. The spleen is innervated by the splenic plexus, which connects a branch of the celiac ganglia to the vagus nerve. Eisenbarth1,2 the spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ in the body and, as such, hosts a wide range of immunologic functions alongside its roles in hematopoiesis and red blood cell clearance. The human spleen is surrounded by a capsule of dense connective tissue containing relatively little muscle and therefore incapable of the extensive contraction exhibited by the muscular capsule of the spleen in dogs and cats. Structure of spleen it is a dark purplecoloured organ, which lies in the left hypochondriae region of the abdomen, between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm. Structure and function of spleen linkedin slideshare.
Normal structure, function, and histology of the spleen mark f. In humans, it is about 12 cm long, 7 cm wide, and 3 cm in thickness, and weighs. Spleen is a capsulated and compartmentalized lymphoid organ with a complex vascular and cellular organization. The spleen is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body. The spleen varies in size and shape between people, but its commonly fistshaped, purple, and about 4 inches long. Spleen problems and spleen removal some people are born without a spleen or need to have it removed because of illness or injury. It is similar in structure to a lymph node and is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. It is structurally complex and has a number of different functions such as immunological monitoring of bloodborne antigens, storage of.
The microscopic structure of the spleen has been most thoroughly. It cleanses and filters the blood much like lymph nodes cleanse lymph. A rich branching network of trabeculae from the internal. The spleen is a small organ, typically located on the left side of the body, behind the ribcage and stomach. It is a highly vascular haemopoietic organ situated in the left hypochondrium directly beneath the. The liver is the largest solid organ in the human body.
The spleen is the largest organ of the lymphatic system. In this article we will discuss about the structure of spleen with the help of suitable diagram. In dogs, the spleen increases in weight during the first 6 months of life hoganesch and hahn, 2001. Minute structure of the spleen with special reference to the periarterial lymphoid sheath. Learn about its function, location in the body, and conditions that can affect the spleen. Spleen structure and function, splenic blood circulation, immune functions of spleen, splenomegally introduction the spleen is located in the left hypochondriac region of abdomen between the fundus of the stomach and diaphragm. These functions are carried out by the 2 main compartments of the spleen. It is unnecessary to enter into any questions of pathology, since these are described in most text books. Since the spleen is involved in so many bodily functions, it is vulnerable to a range of disorders.
These functions are carried out by the 2 main compartments of the spleen, the white pulp including the marginal zone and the red pulp, which are vastly different. The wp is the primary immunologic region of the spleen in both species. Small, multifocal aggregates of plasma cells arrows are present within the splenic red. The spleen is the largest secondary immune organ in the body and is responsible for initiating immune reactions to bloodborne antigens and for filtering the blood of foreign material and old or damaged red blood cells. Webmds spleen anatomy page provides a detailed picture, definition, and information about the spleen. Normal structure, function, and histology of the spleen.
The isolated free cells in this network differentiate into. The structure of the spleen enables it to remove older erythrocytes from the circulation and leads to the efficient removal of bloodborne microorganisms and cellular debris. We will tell you about the general structure of the spleen, how the spleen works in dogs, common diseases that affect the spleen and common diagnostic tests performed in dogs to evaluate the spleen. The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates. Below is information about the structure and function of the canine spleen. Splenectomymassive enlargement of the spleen or with evidence of hypersplenism.
This is also reflected in its embryological development, which. The spleen is located on the left side of the abdomen. It varies in size and weight during the lifetime of an individual but in an adult is usually about 12 cm long, 8cm broad and 34 cm thick weighing about 200gm. This monograph is an intriguing, useful text that deserves attention as an efficient starting point for the scientist, internist, or. The spleen performs a number of physiological functions namely, phagocytosis of aging erythrocytes and platelets, recycling. Structure and function of the immune system in the spleen. The spleen is found on the left side of your body, behind the stomach on a level with the 9th to 11th ribs. Lydyard, in encyclopedia of immunology second edition, 1998. Start studying lymph node spleen structure and function. Spleen lymphatic organ connected to blood vascular system part of mononuclear phagocyte system. Not only can it store, phagocytize and destroy blood cells, but it can form new ones and initiate antibody formation. The spleen is divided by function and structure into the red pulp rp and white pulp wp.
Disorders of the spleen include splenomegaly, hypersplenism and splenic rupture. The complete spleen structure, function, and clinical. The spleen contains t and b lymphocytes as well as many phagocytes and is a major component of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Spleen lies in between the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm. Spleen situated principally in the left hypochondriac region, but its superior extremity extends into the epigastric region 3. What is spleen in human body definition, structure, and 15. It is the largest organ in the bodys lymphatic system, which is responsible for promoting immune function, filtering the blood, and managing blood volume. Numerous references discuss the effects of aging on lymphocyte function and changes in the distribution of lymphocyte subsets. The underlying central nervous processes coordinating the spleens function seem to be embedded into the hypothalamicpituitaryadrenalaxis, and the brainstem, especially the subfornical organ. The spleen is a large, encapsulated, beanshaped organ that is situated on the left side of the body below the diaphragm.
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